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In this paper we conduct the analysis of economic and ecological aspects of alternative energy carriers based on biomass sources. These sources encompass short rotation copies, forest wood residue, wood industry residues, waste wood as well as energy crops. In 2010 the energy output from all these biomass-based alternative energy carriers was about 4000 PJ in the EU-15. We show which energy output from these energy carriers can be expected by 2050 under the following conditions: (i) with and without a CO2-based tax, (ii) with and without additional use of arable land. We also consider different priorities for hydrogen and biofuels. Major conclusion is that even in the most promising scenario total energy quantity from biomass-based resources of about 10500 PJ can be produced by 2050, which equals to about 16% of the total final energy consumption in EU-15 in 2008 (about 65000 PJ).